• A graph is vertex transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on .

  • Every vertex transitive graph is regular.

  • (Godsil 3.3.3) If is a connected vertex-transitive graph with degree , then (see edge connectivity)

  • (Godsil 3.4.2) A vertex transitive graph with degree has vertex connectivity

    • Proof: Let be an atom of . By vertex transitivity and by the fact that atoms form a system of imprimitivity, we have . By (Godsil e3.20), .

      The degree of each atom vertex is bounded by

      In other words . Therefore substituting the constraint that

      Which completes the proof.

  • (Godsil e3.21) If a vertex transitive graph with degree has vertex connectivity , then the atoms induce complete graphs.

    • Proof: We argue using the proof from (Godsil 3.4.2) with some adjustments. First, for each atom vertex, let be the number of internal edges. This gives external edges to . Clearly . Our goal is to show when is minimal.

      Our bound now becomes or

      Where and as in the proof with minimality holding precisely when . This gives us

      In other words or . Substituting into the inequality above gives us which completes the proof.

  • (Godsil 3.5.1) Let be a connected vertex-transitive graph. Then has a matching that leaves at most one vertex unmatched and each edge is contained in a maximum matching

    • If is vertex transitive and one vertex is critical, then all vertices are critical.
    • If, in addition to the above, is edge transitive, then no vertex is unmatched.
  • (Godsil 3.6.3) A connected vertex transitive graph on vertices contains a cycle of length at least .

  • (Godsil 3.9.1) Any connected vertex transitive graph is a retract of a Cayley graph.

    • Let be a vertex transitive graph and . Let be the set

      is a union of right cosets of and since is not adjacent with itself . Also

      If and then

      This implies . In combination with the fact that , we have .

      We can show inductively (via the diameter of ) that the automorphism subgroup generated by the elements of acts transitively on .

      The Cayley graph we are interested in is . It can be shown that the right cosets of have no corresponding edges between them or are completely joined. The subgraph of induced by each right coset is empty since .

      The subgraph of induced by any complete set of coset representatives of is isomorphic to .

      The homomorphism we are interested in is the map, from the vertices corresponding to the cosets of , of the vertices from to .

    • can be obtained from by replacing each vertex in with an independent set of size . The graph induced by a pair of them is empty when the vertices in are not adjacent or a complete bipartite subgraph if they are.

  • Lovasz Conjecture: Every vertex transitive graph has a Hamiltonian path. Every vertex transitive graph contains a Hamiltonian cycle except for five counterexamples.

    • - the Petersen graph
    • The Coxeter graph
    • The Petersen graph with vertices replaced by triangles
    • The Coxeter graph with vertices replaced by triangles.

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