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The Association Fallacy can be formalized as follows —
is in set is in set is also in set Therefore, is in set . -
The Galileo Gambit is a form of association fallacy made as follows —
was ridiculed for their scientific observations but was later acknowledged to be right Therefore, ’s non-mainstream views, which provoke ridicule, will later be recognized as right. -
Authority Bias is the tendency to attribute greater accuracy to the opinion of an authority figure (unrelated to its content), and be more influenced by that opinion.
- It arises because individuals are taught to respect and obey authority figures. This eventually becomes a heuristic.
- It also ties with Confirmation Bias since we may use the authority figure to justify our existing beliefs.
- It may also be reinforced by the halo effect.
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The Cheerleader effect is an effect where people perceive individuals as more attractive in a group than when seen alone.
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The Halo effect is an effect where positive impressions of an entity in one area positively influences one’s opinions or feelings.
It is when evaluators are influenced by their previous judgments.
- It occurs because constructing impressions of others is a constructive process based on our perception (which is inherently biased).
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The Beautiful is good stereotype is one where physically attractive individuals also possess desirable personality traits.