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Determiner - a unit that occurs together with a noun serving to express reference to the noun
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Nouns - functions as the name of a specific object
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Verbs - a unit that conveys an action
- Transitive Verbs - verbs that require an object to act upon.
- Intransitive Verb - verbs that do not act upon an object.
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Adjective - a unit that describes a noun.
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Adverb - a unit that describes a verb.
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Pronoun - a unit that substitutes a noun or noun phrase in the sentence.
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Adposition - used to express spatial or temporal relations or mark semantic relations for a word. This includes prepositions and postpositions.
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Complementizer - includes words that can be used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence.
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Argument - expressions that complete the meaning of a predicate.
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Adjuncts - optional expressions that may be excluded without changing the meaning of a predicate.
- Noun Adjunct / Modifier Noun - an optional noun that modifies another noun.
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Modifier - an optional element in a phrase or clause which modifies the meaning of another element of the structure.
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Copula - a word or phrase that links the subject of a sentence to a subject complement.
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Demonstrative pronouns come in three types. Proximal - pertaining to objects near the speaker. Medial - pertaining to objects near the listener. Distal - pertaining to objects far from both
- Some languages merge medial and distal together.\