Particles

Word	Romanization	Meaning	Usage Remarks
か	ka	Question particle	`<statement> か` Frames `statement` as a question.
が	ga	Subject	`<A> が <B>` It differentiates the topic from the subject. Here `A` is the subject. The subject is the thing performing the verb which may be different from the pre-established topic. It is also used after question words in place of は. It is also used to introduce or present an item.
で	de	Indicates where an event described by a verb takes place Note that this is reliant on an action taking place.	`<A> で <v>` We say that the noun `A` is where `V` happened
と	to	And (with a specific list in mind)	`X と Y` (1) X and Y (2) X together with Y.
に	ni	Indicates (1) The goal towards which things move (2) The time at which an event takes place More generally — this particle is used when describing the location of a state of being	`<N> に <V>` (1) `N` is where `V` is headed towards (2) `N` is when `V` took place This particle is substitutable in the case of approximate time references. For example `<A> ごろ / ごろに <V>` For (2) This particle is not used with (2a) Expressions defined relative to the present day; (2b) Expressions describing regular intervals and; (2c) “When”
ね	ne	“Right? Isn’t It?”	`<X> ね` We use this to say “X, right?” It gives the sentence the tone of asking the listener for confirmation.
の	no	Possessiveness; In general acts as a Noun modifier	`<X> の <Y>` Means X modifies Y. In this sense, X acts as a noun adjunct.
は	wa	Topic	`<A> は <B>` Means `A` is the topic of the sentence The topic can pertain to both the sentence and the conversation so far (remember, Japanese is contextual). The particle draws attention to this topic.
へ	e	Indicates the goal of movement Note that this implies directionality.	`<N> へ <V>` `N` is where `V` is headed towards.
も	mo	Too	We use も in place of は as in the following `<X> も <Y>` This is saying X is Y too. It is also used when X and Y have something in common. In such a case, it replaces は、が、を
よ	yo	“I tell you”	`<X> よ` We use this to say “X, I tell you” Adding this particle gives the statement an authoritative or assertive tone.
を	o	Indicates direct objects	`<DO> を <V>` We say that the noun `DO` is the direct object of the verb `V`